Encouraging Creativity through Design for Additive Manufacturing
1. How can designers use DfAM to develop creative and efficient solutions in rapid response situations?
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the emergence of numerous engineered solutions for problems of varying complexity and urgency. Several of these solutions leverage the rapid manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing. In this study, we investigate how designers can utilize the knowledge of opportunistic and restrictive DfAM to develop solutions that are both, creative, and can be manufactured efficiently.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Masia, Berthel, Meisel, and Simpson, “Maximizing Design Potential: Investigating the Effects of Utilizing Opportunistic and Restrictive Design for Additive Manufacturing in Rapid Response Solutions,” Rapid Prototyping Journal.
- Prabhu, Berthel, Masia, Meisel, and Simpson, “Rapid Response! Investigating the Effects of Problem Requirements on the Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Solutions for COVID-19,” Journal of Mechanical Design.
- Prabhu, Masia, Berthel, Meisel, Simpson, (2021). “Design and Manufacturability Data on Additively Manufactured Solutions for COVID-19,” Data in Brief.
Resources:
2. What factors influence industry practitioners’ DfAM use and creativity in DfAM tasks?
Industry practitioners present higher levels of domain knowledge, especially in engineering and traditional manufacturing, and this prior knowledge could influence the adoption of DfAM in their engineering design process. In this study, we investigated how a DfAM educational workshop influences industry practitioners’ creativity when employing DfAM.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Bracken, Armstrong, Jablokow, Simpson, Meisel, “Additive Creativity: Investigating the Use of Design for Additive Manufacturing to Encourage Creativity in the Engineering Design Industry,” International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation.
- Bracken, Pomorski, Armstrong, Prabhu, Simpson, Jablokow, Cleary, Meisel, “Design for Metal Powder Bed Fusion: The Geometry for Additive Part Selection (GAPS) Worksheet,” Additive Manufacturing Journal.
Resources:
3. How does the order of dual DfAM lectures influence students’ learning and creativity?
Researchers in learning and memory have argued for the occurrence of inhibition – both retroactive and proactive – in the recall and use of information. Retroactive inhibition hinders the retrieval of old information due to the learning of new and similar information. On the other hand, proactive inhibition inhibits the learning of new information due to the stronger consolidation of old information. In this project, we explored the effect of the order of presenting dual (opportunistic and restrictive) DfAM content on students’ DfAM-self-efficacy, self-reported DfAM use, and the creativity of their DfAM outcomes.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Fresh in My Mind! Investigating the Effects of the Order of Dual Design for Additive Manufacturing Education on Creativity,” ASME IDETC Conference.
- Prabhu, Simpson, Miller, and Meisel, “Fresh in My Mind! Investigating the Effects of the Order of Dual Design for Additive Manufacturing Education on Creativity,” Journal of Engineering Design.
4. What factors do students emphasize when selecting concepts in DfAM tasks?
To fully leverage the potential of AM, designers must not only employ DfAM to generate creative ideas but also ensure that these ideas are selected for development in the later stages of design. This is particularly important with DfAM as designs perceived as infeasible with traditional manufacturing could now be feasibly manufactured with AM. In this project, we explored the factors considered by student design teams when selecting concepts in a DfAM task.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Favoring Complexity: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors that Influence Concept Selection in Design for Additive Manufacturing,” ASME IDETC Conference.
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Favoring Complexity: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors that Influence Concept Selection in Design for Additive Manufacturing,” Journal of Mechanical Design.
5. How does the definition of the design task and its competitive structure influence learning and design creativity?
Additive Manufacturing technologies have been applied to several domains such as aerospace and automotive industries. However, the definition of a design task influences its effectiveness as an educational tool. The aim in this project was to identify design tasks that encourage the creative application of design for AM.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Built to Win? Exploring the Role of Competitive Environments on Students’ Creativity in Design for Additive Manufacturing Tasks,” Journal of Engineering Design
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Complex Solutions for Complex Problems? Exploring the Role of Design Task Choice on Learning, Design for Additive Manufacturing Use, and Creativity,” Journal of Mechanical Design.
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Complex Solutions for Complex Problems?: Exploring the Effects of Task Complexity on Student Use of Design for Additive Manufacturing and Creativity,” ASME IDETC Conference.
6. How does DfAM integration in designs relate to the achievement of task objectives?
AM technologies present designers with the opportunity to improve design performance and functionality through opportunistic DfAM. Additionally, designers must also ensure design feasibility through the application of restrictive DfAM. Both these design domains can potentially influence designs’ achievement of task objectives and constraints and the aim in this project was to explore this relationship.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “But Will It Build? Assessing Student Engineering Designers’ Use of Design for Additive Manufacturing Considerations in Design Outcomes,” Journal of Mechanical Design.
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “But Will it Print?: Assessing Student Use of Design for Additive Manufacturing and Exploring its Effect on Design Performance and Manufacturability,” ASME IDETC Conference.
7. How does the content of DfAM education influence creativity?
Opportunistic DfAM helps open up a designers’ solution space through new design freedoms. In contrast, the use of restrictive DfAM narrows down the solution space and ensures that designs are feasible. The aim in this project was to understand the effect of the content of DfAM education (opportunistic and restrictive) on students’ creativity.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Teaching Design Freedom: Understanding the Effects of Variations in Design for Additive Manufacturing Education on Students’ Creativity,” Journal of Mechanical Design.
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Exploring the Effects of Additive Manufacturing Education on Students’ Engineering Design Process and its Outcomes,” Journal of Mechanical Design.
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “Teaching Design Freedom: Exploring the Effects of Design for Additive Manufacturing Education on the Cognitive Components of Students’ Creativity,” ASME IDETC Conference.
8. How does the timing of DfAM education influence students’ learning and DfAM application?
The increasing presence of AM in high schools and universities has increased student exposure to AM. However, this exposure is limited to the restrictive aspects of DfAM and not so much to the opportunistic aspects. The aim in this project was to explore the potential interaction between this prior AM experience and students’ learning of opportunistic and restrictive DfAM.
Relevant publications:
- Prabhu, Miller, Simpson, and Meisel, “The Earlier the Better? Investigating the Importance of Timing on Effectiveness of Design for Additive Manufacturing Education,” ASME IDETC Conference.
Resources:
- Design for AM Self-efficacy Survey
- Slides for Design for AM education (available through the Made by Design Lab)
Validating the Use of a Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer for Teaching Needle Insertion Skills
With the growing use of simulation tools for medical training and education, our aim in the project was to develop a haptic robotic trainer for teaching needle insertion skills and validate its effectiveness compared to traditional manikin-based simulators.
Relevant publications:
- Chen, Sonntag, Pepley, Prabhu, Han, Moore, and Miller, “Looks can be deceiving: Gaze pattern differences between novices and experts during placement of central lines,” American Journal of Surgery.
- Chen, Yovanoff, Pepley, Prabhu, Sonntag, Han, Moore, and Miller, “Evaluating Surgical Resident Needle Insertion Skill Gains in Central Venous Catheterization Training,” Journal of Surgical Research.
- Pepley, Sonntag, Prabhu, Yovanoff, Han, Miller, and Moore, “Building Ultrasound Phantoms With Modified Polyvinyl Chloride: A Comparison of Needle Insertion Forces and Sonographic Appearance With Commercial and Traditional Simulation Materials,” Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare.