In my opinion, one of the more interesting trends in modern transportation systems is the emergence of the budget airline as an effective and reliable means of transportation. Passenger airlines have been around for decades, but these companies have typically marketed themselves as the providers of a luxury service that includes novelties such as complementary meals served by flight attendants. Only recently has the low-cost business model truly taken hold, with companies such as Southwest and JetBlue in the US and Ryanair and EasyJet in Europe. It has been so effective, in fact, that many large, “traditional” carriers have, with mixed success, tried their hand at the establishment of low-cost subsidiary airlines.
When it comes to the success of the low-cost airline business model, the question “How do they do it?” inevitably comes to mind. The answer: In a nutshell, by cutting costs.
Before I delve into explaining how these companies do cut costs, I’d like to offer the assurance that this cost-cutting business strategy in no way implies that low cost airlines are unsafe. Budget airlines, like any airline, must comply with national and international safety standards. In fact, for reasons to be explained later, many low-cost airlines have fleets primarily composed of fairly new planes.
How then do these airlines cut costs? Budget airlines utilize a variety of cost-cutting techniques in order to provide lower fares to their customers. Although some of these techniques are directly visible to the customer, many of them are behind-the-scenes and deal with internal company workings. Here are a few examples of cost-saving techniques that budget airlines use:
- Perhaps the most obvious way in which low-cost airlines save money is by eliminating “luxury” customer services, such as complimentary in-flight food services. Exactly what services are cut varies from carrier to carrier. Many budget airlines have only economy class seating (more seats = more revenue), and allow seat reservation only at an additional charge. The uniformly arranged cabin operates on a first-come, first-served basis. This simplification reduces the number of personnel required to clean a plane and eliminates the need for expensive ticket-booking software. In addition, budget airlines often place strict limits on passenger baggage. This allows them to speed up the loading process and charge for extra bags/weight.
- Another major way that budget airlines save money is by cutting labor costs. This can be done by training employees to perform multiple tasks. For example, a flight attendant may help to clean the plane after a flight, or a pilot may help load baggage.
- Low-cost carriers can also save money by only selling tickets to customers directly through their website or ticket counter, instead of through travel agents and third-party websites. This technique of “avoiding the middleman” allows airlines to earn the sale price (less tax) of a ticket without some portion of the sale price going to another party.
- Because fuel represents a large portion of an airline’s operating cost, airlines employ several techniques to reduce their fuel costs and fuel-associated costs. For example, because longer flights require more fuel, budget airlines typically fly short, direct flights rather than long flights with many connections that require passengers to transfer planes en-route. Because the price of jet fuel fluctuates greatly, low-cost airlines also speculate on the price of fuel. When the price of fuel is low, an airline may enter an agreement with a fuel provider to “lock in” a certain price for a specified length of time, wagering on the expectation that fuel prices will rise over that period of time. Airlines Budget airlines have typically had great success saving money in these ways.
- Budget airlines also choose flight routes that save them money. This often means flying to secondary airports rather than a city’s main airport. Secondary airports typically charge carriers a smaller fee for using their facilities, even if they are no further from the city than the main airport. (This airport fee can also be reduced by scheduling flights at off-peak hours, such as the early morning.) In addition, as explained above, low-cost airlines also typically offer primarily point to point service, rather than having a main hub that serves as a transfer point for a large number of flights. This decreases the miles flown (think gas) while maximizing the number of flights offered. In addition, by limiting the number of connections, budget airlines reduce the frequency of compounded flight delays. This reduced “turn time” allows low-cost carriers to schedule more flights per day, which earns them additional revenue. (The lack of complementary food service and the cross-training of staff also decrease “turn time.”)
- One of the most effective techniques that budget airlines use in order to cut costs is the utilization of a homogeneous fleet of fairly new airplanes. In the airline industry, maintenance is an especially costly necessity. In fact, many engine companies make no money (or even take a loss) on the sale of a new engine, but generate the majority of their revenue through the maintenance and repair of aging engines. For this reason, it is in the best interest of airlines to decrease their maintenance costs as much as possible. By having only one or a few types of planes in their fleet, budget airlines can avoid buying and stockpiling costly spare parts for numerous plane models. Low-cost airlines typically purchase new planes and resell their “old” planes after only several years of heavy use. The large amount of flight time that these planes have seen (due to quick “turn time”) and the moderate resale value of the planes make up for the cost of constantly purchasing new planes. An additional benefit to using only one type of plane is that budget airlines only need to train their pilots and maintenance crews to operate and repair one type of plane. (Some low-cost airlines even train their own staff.) This saves on labor costs, and increases “turn time.”
The advent of the budget airline may herald a new era of global transportation. In the 19th century, the steam locomotive revolutionized the way people thought about transportation by making it possible for many poor and middle class people to move great distances. This fundamental change in the world’s notion of a transportation system helped to restructure society itself. In many ways, the automobile had the same effect a century later. Will the airplane be the revolutionary technology of the 21st century? If the plane becomes easily accessible to vast numbers of people who could previously not afford air travel, one can only guess what effect it will have. It will challenge not only our ideas about transportation, but also our concept of the world itself.
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http://money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/budgeting/budget-airline.htm
http://www.low-cost-airline-guide.com/en/articles/about-low-cost-airlines.htm
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/interview_how-can-a-low-cost-airline-not-work_1379995
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/moneymag_archive/2004/05/01/367265/index.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-cost_carrier
http://www.reidsguides.com/nfa/how.html
http://professor-murmann.info/index.php/site/fullarticle/290/
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/12/30/334574/
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در پاسخ به میثم شکری ساز کیست، می توانیم با لفظ جوان مستعد و تلاشگر شروع کنیم. او زندگی حرفه ای و اوج جوانی خود را با چالش های بزرگی شروع کرد. اما چطور شد که هیچ کدام از این مشکلات نتوانست جلوی پیشرفت و تلاش او را بگیرد؟ چرا دغدغه دکتر میثم شکری ساز هم سن و سال هایش و اشتغال زایی برای آن ها بود. شاید اصلی ترین دلیل موفقیت وی، همین خیر خواهی برای جوانان باشد که باعث شد هرچه برای آن ها تلاش می کند خود به موفقیت های بزرگتری برسد.
در پاسخ به میثم شکری ساز کارآفرین، می توانیم با لفظ جوان مستعد و تلاشگر شروع کنیم. او زندگی حرفه ای و اوج جوانی خود را با چالش های بزرگی شروع کرد. اما چطور شد که هیچ کدام از این مشکلات نتوانست جلوی پیشرفت و تلاش او را بگیرد؟ چرا دغدغه دکتر میثم شکری ساز هم سن و سال هایش و اشتغال زایی برای آن ها بود. شاید اصلی ترین دلیل موفقیت وی، همین خیر خواهی برای جوانان باشد که باعث شد هرچه برای آن ها تلاش می کند خود به موفقیت های بزرگتری برسد.
دکتر میثم شکری ساز کیست سال هایی از عمر گرانبهای خود را صرف تدریس ارتباطات و مهارت های زندگی، اصول و مبانی مدیریت کسب و کار، تدریس حقوق تجارت و کسب و کار، تدریس در موسسه آموزش عالی نجف آباد و المهدی اصفهان، تدریس فنون فروش و مذاکره، ارتباط موثر، تبلیغات خلاق و … کرده است. همچنین او سابقه همگاری با دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشگاه آزاد و بسیاری مراکز آموزشی کشور را دارد. بنابراین می توانید از بار علمی و نبوغ آموزشی او استفاده نمایید و به فرد سرشناسی در زندگی شخصی و اجتماعی خود تبدیل شوید. چرا که هرگز برای تغییر در رویه زندگی و دنبال کردن سر منشاء موفقیت ها دیر نیست.
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I then did exactly what I said, I went at her with no love whatsoever, just pounding her, legs held out by the ankles one minute, over my shoulders the next. Hardly ever losing eye contact, I spoke obscenely to her, calling her a whore and a tramp, I said “what a dirty slut she was” to which she shook her head “of course you are, bringing home a pussy and thong full of another guys spunk” I said. “It was a good job, your MY dirty slut” she nodded eagerly at this, “that’s better” I said. I then reached under her and lift her bum with my hands, grinding my cock into her. I parted her bum cheeks and started working the tip of my finger into her arsehole, I asked her “did you let the prick fuck your arse?” she didn’t shake her head or nod at this, she mumbled something through the dripping panties. I carried on humping her whilst clenching her bum with my hands, rubbing her arsehole with my finger. I clamped down with my mouth around the lacy material which was hanging out of her mouth and pulled the panties out of her mouth, she gasped and started nibbling my nipple (she knows I love this). I asked her again “ did he fuck your arse?”. She look up from my nipples and looked me in the eye again and said “no he didn’t, he was fucking me from behind and said he wanted to but I said no, that didn’t stop him pushing his thumb into my arsehole at the same time he growled that he was going to cum” this nearly pushed me over the edge and I could feel my cock starting to swell. Stacey sensed the reaction in me too, adding “I liked it and by that point if he’d asked again, I’d have let him fuck me in the arse” I interrupted her “I’m gonna cum you dirty bitch, I’m . . .” this time the lacy panties were used to cut my sentence short and gag me, covered in cum, sweat, juices and saliva, Stacey pushed them into my mouth and carried on talking “I had a little orgasm quite quickly with him fucking me, must have been the novelty of fucking someone new and it being outside, but when he went from ploughing me with hands on my hips, to sticking one thumb in my bum hole and the other in my mouth to pull me backwards to him, the deeper angle he got into me, plus the feeling of helplessness, pushed me over the edge and a huge orgasm waved over me, my pussy convulsed, which pushed Gary over the edge and he emptied his balls into me, like a someone violently emptying a pot to ensure all the contents would come out.” I didn’t even make it through to the end of her dirty recollection, mid sentence I flushed her pussy out with my cum, whilst still looking her in the eye. But now, I was laid on top of her, cock still rigid inside her, hands still clamped around her bum. My head was over her shoulder buried into the pillow, with her used filthy underwear firmly clenched in my mouth. She then added “I came that hard, that Gary couldn’t remove his thumb from by arse, I had to consciously relax my bum and it still stung taking it out. BUT THAT fuck with you just then tops anything we’ve ever done. Rob, I am truly sorry, but thank you and I do love you. We lay there panting together, for some strange reason I felt as close to her as ever and knew I still loved her. Normal life resumed shortly afterwards, when we heard the kids shouting upstairs that they wanted dessert. Stacey ran to the bathroom, I could see spunk dripping down her legs. I threw my robe on and went downstair
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ماکان آریا پارسا کیست ؟ ماکان اریا پارسا کارآفرین ایرانی است که با وجود سن و سال کم، توانسته موفقیتهای زیادی کسب کند.
او با ایجاد کسب و کار و توسعه آن، در جایگاه های مختلف اقدام به استخدام نیروهای کاری زیادی کرده است. هم اکنون در ایران کارآفرینان زیادی در حال فعالیت هستند و در شرایط بیکاری و نبود شغل کارمندان و نیروهای زیادی استخدام میکنند. یکی از این کارآفرینان مطرح و بنام دکتر ماکان آریا پارسا است که در ادامه او را معرفی خواهیم کرد. اما قبل ازینکه بفهمید ماکان آریا پارسا کیست، وضعیت کارآفرینی و برخی از چالشهای آن در ایران را باهم بررسی خواهیم کرد.
با توجه به همین موضوع، دکتر ماکان آریا پارسا که از کارآفرینان برتر ایرانی است و توانسته با راهاندازی چند کسب وکار صدها شغل دائمی و پایدار ایجاد کند و کسب و کارهای مختلفی را مدیریت کند، چند اشتباه متداول کارآفرینان در کسب و کار را آموزش میدهد.
بیایید از زبان خود دکتر ماکان آریا پارسا کارآفرین نمونه ایرانی این اشتباهات را که حاصل سالها تجربه او بعد از شکستها و موفقیتهای زیاد به دست آمده است مرور کنیم. در انتهای این مقاله کوتاه، بیشتر با ایشان آشنا میشویم.
اوایل زندگی دکتر ماکان آریا پارسا و سن او
ماکان آریا پارسا در سال ۱۳۶۵ در اصفهان به دنیا آمد. خانواده او یک خانواده معمولی و نهچندان ثروتمند بودند. بسیاری از افراد فکر میکنند لزوماً باید خانوادهای ثروتمند و مرفه داشت تا به موفقیت رسید، اما دکتر آریا پارسا ثابت کرده که در خانوادهای کاملاً معمولی هم میتواند رشد کرد و به ثروت و شهرت و موفقیت رسید.
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Andhra Pradesh Open School Society 10th Syllabus 2023 will be Download in upcoming days on its official website. The APOSS SSC Public Examination 10th Syllabus 2023 list will be updated on APOSS SSC Syllabus 2023 Know the brief details about the APOSS SSC 2023 Exam 10th Syllabus 2023 from this PDF. Also, Download AP Open School 10th Syllabus 2023 using the download link given below.
محتوای دیجیتال پایه و اساس تمام تعاملات آنلاین مشتری را تشکیل می دهد. خدمات سئو سایت نوآورانه ما فراتر از بهینه سازی ساده برای کلمات کلیدی بسیار جستجو شده است و در عوض تجربه را برای مخاطبان آنلاین واقعی برند شما بهینه می کند. این باعث بازگشت سرمایه بالاتر از سرمایه گذاری در سئو شما می شود.
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Examine the official website for the JNVST Result Date 2022 for the 2022 Class 6th and 9th exams. The Jawahar Navodaya Vidyaya Selection Test (JNVST) was held to obtain admission into different schools for Class 6th and 9th, and all of the students are now waiting for their JNVST Class 6 Result 2022. cbseitms.nic.in Result 2022 We are all known that the Admission Test is held for students seeking admission to various institutions for classes 6th and 9th, and the Navodaya Vidyalaya Result is eagerly awaited.
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With a head full of emotions, anger, lust and confusion. I flipped her over to face me, she immediately saw the look on my face and looking eye to eye, she teared up and quivered “I’m so sorry, I don’t want to lose you” at this point, with the realisation that I’d be licking sweat and spunk from my wifes pussy after she’d been unfaithful with another man, my hard on should have gone, but it was fit to burst. Not only fit to burst, but laid upwards between Stacey and me, rubbing against her dripping pussy, with every slight movement. There was 10 seconds of silence, in which we never lost eye contact. Stacey laid back on the bed, me holding her legs by the ankles, with her sodden panties pressing firmly against my chest. After the eternity like moment of silence, with one hand Stacey pushed my cock inside her, I couldn’t believe how lubricated and warm her pussy was.
I am amazed on how great the budget airlines safety records are. Much safer than the big 3 airlines.
Budget airlines are crowded and often times late and unreliable but the big carriers charge much more for the comfort and direct routes.
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Budget airlines are very smart to only operate with one plain and not be international. For instance southwest airlines only flies Boeing 737’s. Makes it much more cost efficent for maintenance and the continuity.
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شرکت نوین با بیش از ۲۵ سال سابقه در زمینه لوله بازکنی زنجان تخلیه چاه زنجان
خارج کردن اجسام از چاه، لوله بازکنی در زنجان و سایر خدمات نصب ساختمان.
همچنین این شرکت دارای شعب متعدد در غرب و شرق لوله بازکنی زنجان می باشد که کلیه کارها بر اساس نرخ اتحادیه لوله بازکنی زنجان و با ارائه فاکتور انجام می شود.
لوله بازکنی زنجان
رفع گرفتگی لوله های حمام، توالت، سرویس بهداشتی
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رفع گرفتگی لوله های روشویی دستشویی و ظرفشویی
رفع گرفتگی لوله های کفشور( حمام، پارکینگ، بالکن، آشپزخانه، پشت بام)
لوله بازکنی بی واسطه در تمام نقاط تهران
سرویس کاران مجرب و با اخلاق لوله بازکن در سراسر تهران
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Les téléphones portables sont sensibles et coûteux en termes de prix. Pour cela, il faut bien se renseigner avant de jeter un téléphone portable défaillant.
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Référence:
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