A Caravel
Transportation systems have evolved since ancient time. This continual transformation of the ways in which humans travel and transport goods is often closely tied to technological advances in the field of transportation. In many ways, the culture of a civilization is heavily influenced by the transportation technologies available to it. However, the relationship goes the other way as well. The transportation technologies present in a society are also often determined by the culture of that society.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, an iconic ship known as the Caravel largely dominated the sea-faring industries of Southwestern Europe. Although the exact origin of this ship is still debated, it had been used as an offshore fishing vessel by the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula since at least the 1200’s. The ship featured a strong Moorish influence, and its design, at least in part, may have been passed from the Islamic body of knowledge to the Western Christian societies of Spain and Portugal. This is quite possible because, as one author points out (see links below), Medieval Islamic society contributed many advances to the fields of geography, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. These important theoretical discoveries would later contribute to the success of European seafaring by forming the foundation of cutting-edge navigational techniques and other technologies.
The Caravel was a relatively small ship, especially by modern standards. The bottom of the ship protruded below the surface of the water by only a small distance, making it an extremely maneuverable watercraft. For much of its life, the Caravel featured triangular “lateen” sails that, combined with its eminent maneuverability, allowed it to sail into the wind using a zigzagging technique known as “beating to windward.” The Spanish and Portuguese soon recognized the potential of this ship, and transformed it from a simple offshore fishing vessel to the backbone of the European Age of Exploration. With the addition of square sails (to provide increased power when sailing with the wind) and other minor changes, the Caravel soon became the ship of choice for many explorers. It has been suggested that two of Columbus’s ships, the Niña and the Pinta, were Caravels optimized for transatlantic exploration.
Clearly, the Caravel revolutionized European transportation. This technology made it possible for European explorers, fishermen, and merchants to “expand their horizons,” by providing the ability to travel further, faster. One could argue that it played a major role in the rapid colonization of the New World.
However, the inverse is also true. To a large extent, the success of the Caravel was due to navigational techniques brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors, combined with the European desire for political, economic, religious, and scientific expansion.
This dichotomy holds true for many transportation-related technologies. Railroads are built to service existing towns, but the route itself often determines the development of future towns. Military conflict has served as a catalyst for the development of many advances in aviation technology that have later spilled over into the public sector. It is clear that a society’s culture and its transportation technologies are very much linked. Engineers must keep this in mind when developing new technologies for transportation systems. When designing part of a transportation system, it is important both to take inspiration from society and to recognize the changes that that technology will have upon society.
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http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/htmls/Caravel%20History.htm
http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/index.htm
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/page/c/caravel.shtml
Messi himself started the year in good form after a miserable first half of the season, where theคาร์ริค แรนเจอร์ส Argentine was out of sorts after his transfer request was rejected by then-president Josep Maria Bartomeu.
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Messi said goodbye in tears and headed for Paris, leaving the club in tatters behind him. พรีเมียร์ลีก Their biggest legend and possibly the best player in football history, gone, out of the back door.
Arsenal have opened talks with Lyon over the potential signing of Bruno Guimaraes – คาสิโนออนไลน์ ccording to Nicolo Schira.
Manchester City arนักพนัน e set to sanction the departure of 19-year-old winger Jayden Braaf – according to MEN.
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drama that only the Premier League can produce – and it paved the way for a last-minute winner from R แบล็คเบิร์น odri that has likely secured the visitors a fourth title in five years.
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They were blown away at the Etihad in August, losing 5-0, but on Saturday they showed they couldn’t just compete witเบอร์มิงแฮม ซิตี้ h the champions – they could outplay them.
Replays showed Xhaka didบริสตอล ซิตี้ grab hold of Silva as he went past, but the Portuguese midfielder certainly went down easily.
But ill-discipline sawมายอร์ก้า them end up with nothing to show for their considerable efforts.
He is the fastest player ever to score 100 top-flight goals for Liverpool, and is now the club’s all-time leading gเดิมพันฟุตบอล oalscorer in the Champions League, having surpassed Steven Gerrard’s tally in October.
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ساپورت سینی کابل یا cable tray support، یک سیستم نگهدارنده تجهیزات بر روی دیوار و یا سقف است که این سیستم، وزن مربوط به سینی کابل درون آن را تحمل مینماید. به طور معمول برای نگهداری سیستم محافظ کابل، با توجه به سطح مکان نصب از دو مدل ساپورت سقفی و دیواری و یا تلفیقی از این دو نوع مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد.
کلیه نگهدارندههای این مدل داکت فلزی پلیت، ساپورت سینی کابل نامیده شده و از اتصالات اصلی در نظر گرفته شده که به منظور محکمسازی و تحمل وزن به سقف و یا دیوار پیچ و مهره میشوند. نگهدارندهای که وزن سینی را در کنار کابلها در بالاترین استاندارد تحمل نماید، بهترین ساپورت موجود است.
به طور معمول ساپورت دیواری به دو صورت ساپورت تی (T) شکل ساده و ساپورت براکت شکل دستهبندی میشود. ساپورت T شکل شامل دو پروفیل U شکل ساده بوده که با یکدیگر به طور عمود بر یکدیگر شکل T را میسازند و این دو پروفیل توسط پیچ و یا جوشکاری و یا پرس به یکدیگر اتصال مییابند. ساپورت سقفی سینی کابل نیز گونهی دیگری از سیستمهای نگهدارنده است.
انواع سایز کابل برق: برق در زندگی مردم نقش مهمی دارد و کابلهای برق عمده ترین واسطههای اتصال و انتقال جریان برق محسوب میشوند. کابل برق با توجه به نحوه کاربرد در سایز و اندازههای متنوع تولید شده اند. آشنایی با انواع سایز کابل راهنمای خوبی برای انتخاب دقیق سیم و کابل خواهد بود.
کابلهای برق از در کنار هم قرار گرفتن چند سیم و چندهادی به وجود میآید و توسط یک عایق پوشیده میشوند. میتواند به خوبی انتقال و جا به جایی جریان برق را انجام دهد.
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کلید اتوماتیک اشنایدر یا قطع کننده مدار قالبی (MCCB) نوعی وسیله حفاظت الکتریکی است که برای محافظت از مدار الکتریکی در برابر جریان بیش از حد استفاده میشود که میتواند باعث اضافه بار یا اتصال کوتاه شود. با درجهبندی جریان تا ۲۵۰۰A، MCCBها را میتوان برای طیف گستردهای از ولتاژها و فرکانسها با تنظیمات سفر قابل تنظیم استفاده کرد.
این قطع کنندهها، به جای کلیدهای مدار مینیاتوری (MCB) در سیستمهای PV در مقیاس بزرگ برای اهداف ایزوله سازی و حفاظتی سیستم استفاده میشوند که دارای سه جز اصلی است:
سیم پیچ یا الکترومغناطیس: این مهمترین جزء یک کنتاکتور است. نیروی محرکهای که برای بستن کنتاکتها لازم است، توسط سیم پیچ یا آهنربای الکتریکی کنتاکتور تأمین میشود. سیم پیچ یا آهنربای الکتریکی و کنتاکتها توسط یک محفظه محافظت میشوند.
Man Utd fell to their first defeat under Rangnick against Wolves and the German is more aware than ever before of the sizeคลิฟตันวิลล์ of the task ahead of him
“We showed against a ซัตตั้น ยูไนเต็ด good team that we’re still struggling and have quite a few steps to take.”
A number of first-team playerชาร์ลตัน แอธเลติก s want to leave the club this month. Anthony Martial has not been included in the squad since he made it clear he wanted to depart and, of those who don’t want to leave, there are a number that are not good enough to get Manchester United back to where they should be.
Based on the evidence on Monday night, we’ll be waiting a while before we see it in full flow. Until the fundamental problemsโอลด์แฮม are solved, the gap to their so-called rivals will get bigger.
“I’m not happy with the sitฮาโรเกต ทาวน์ uation and that’s only natural,” he said. “The head coach has decided to play a different system and I mustn’t let up, I need to keep working hard and be professional.
The Danish playmaker, who sufferedฮาร์เทิ่ลพูล cardiac arrest at Euro 2020, is expected to link up with a top-flight club in January as he prepares to make an emotional return to competitive football.
The Spain international striker has agreed to head back to his homeland at Barcelona, with Atletico Madrid open to doing business, but Massimiliano Allegri has told the forward he is goinครูว์ g nowhere unless a suitable replacement can be found.
Bournemouth and United have already reached an agreement for Laird’s loan, with an announcement expected later this week. เดิมพันแทงบอล
Gianluca Di Marzio reports the ยูฟ่าแชมเปี้ยนส์ลีก Serie A side will land the striker on loan and pay €17 million to sign him on a permanent deal.
Coutinho hopes to make a returnเกมไพ่บาคาร่าออนไลน์ to the Premier League and an initial loan move until the end of the season is the most likely outcome.
The European giants have all เกมไพ่ป๊อกเด้งออนไลน์ been chasing the Germany international in recent months and are making their move to lure him away from the Premier League.
The Red Devils continue to struggเกมไฮโลออนไลน์ e for control against teams lower in the table; just last week they drew 1-1 against Newcastle and were branded “a bunch of whingebags” by Gary Neville for their effort.
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جعبه فیوز مینیاتوری
از مهمترین بخشهای برق ساختمان میتوان به جعبه فیوز مینیاتوری اشاره کرد.
معمولا میتوانید که جعبه فیوز ها را در داخل هر واحد ساختمانی مشاهده کنید که اغلب در ورودی آپارتمان ها نصب میشوند،نام دیگرجعبه فیوزها تابلو برق واحد ها و یا تابلو برق انتهایی میگویند.
فیوز ها معمولا در جهت حفاظت به کار برده میشوند یعنی مدار ها را در مقابل افزایش غیر مجاز جریان های الکتریکی محافظت میکنند.
در سال های گذشته از جعبه تقسیم برای سیم کشی ساختمانها استفاده میشد اما درحال حاضر با توجه به مزیت هایی که جعبه فیوزها دارند استفاده از آنها همه گیر شده است به صورتی که سازمان های برق ساختمان استفاده از جعبه فیوزها را الزامی میدانند.
مزیت و ویژگی خوبی که جعبه فیوزها دارند این است که زمانی مشکلی در سر خط به وجود بیاید فقط آن از مدار خارج میشود و برق تمام مسیر ها دچار آسیب نمیشوند و سالم باقی میمانند.
از آن جایی که سر خط تمام مصرف کننده ها به فیوز منتهی میشود میتوان گفت که تامین کننده برق تمام اجزای یک واحد مسکونی میباشد.
اینورتر جوشکاری
اینورتر جوشکاری یا دستگاه جوش اصولا سیستمهای جوش و برش هستند که عملکرد آنها برای جوش و برش بر اساس رکتیفایرها و یا ژنراتورها است. اساسا این دستگاه در صنعت جوشکاری به وفور مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد و مانند هر دستگاه دیگری از مزایا و معایبی برخوردار است.
در واقع با پیشرفت تکنولوژی و علم و فناوری با مبحث اینوتر رو به رو میشوید که عملیات جوشکاری را حتی الامکان راحت و آسانتر از قبل میکند. این تکنولوژی جدید مدتی است که به خوبی جای خود را در کشورهای صنعتی باز کرده است، در ایران هم استفاده از دستگاه اینورتر به صورتی رواج یافته است که تمام سرمایه گذاران داخلی در زمینه تولید این دستگاه فعالیت میکنند.
شرکت سیم وکابل الکتریک البرز فعالیت خود را در حوزه ساخت انواع سیم و کابل از سال 1383 اغاز کرده است .
شرکت سیم وکابل البرز الکتریک نور فعالیت خود را ابتدا با تولید سیم افشان شروع کرده و بعد از مدت کمی با تولید انواع کابل افشان و نیمه افشان وکواکسیال و .ساختههای خود را افزایش داده که تولیدات شرکت هم اکنون به بیش از 105 نوع محصول رسیده است.
خوشبختانه روند تولیدات شرکت سیم و کابل البرز الکتریک نور پیشرفت روز افزون و فراوانی داشته ومورد استقبال بیشتر مشتریان محترم قرارگرفته است.
در طی این دهه هر روز سرافرازتر و بهتر از قبل بوده و در همان ابتدا باهمت صاحب نظران مجرب و با اتکا به عزم و اراده ملی در راستای خودکفایی و با اخذ نشان استاندارد ملی ایران ازسازمان استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی گام تازه ای را برای شکوفایی در صنعت سیم وکابل ایران عزیز بر داشته است.
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