Transportation systems have evolved since ancient time. This continual transformation of the ways in which humans travel and transport goods is often closely tied to technological advances in the field of transportation. In many ways, the culture of a civilization is heavily influenced by the transportation technologies available to it. However, the relationship goes the other way as well. The transportation technologies present in a society are also often determined by the culture of that society.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, an iconic ship known as the Caravel largely dominated the sea-faring industries of Southwestern Europe. Although the exact origin of this ship is still debated, it had been used as an offshore fishing vessel by the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula since at least the 1200’s. The ship featured a strong Moorish influence, and its design, at least in part, may have been passed from the Islamic body of knowledge to the Western Christian societies of Spain and Portugal. This is quite possible because, as one author points out (see links below), Medieval Islamic society contributed many advances to the fields of geography, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. These important theoretical discoveries would later contribute to the success of European seafaring by forming the foundation of cutting-edge navigational techniques and other technologies.
The Caravel was a relatively small ship, especially by modern standards. The bottom of the ship protruded below the surface of the water by only a small distance, making it an extremely maneuverable watercraft. For much of its life, the Caravel featured triangular “lateen” sails that, combined with its eminent maneuverability, allowed it to sail into the wind using a zigzagging technique known as “beating to windward.” The Spanish and Portuguese soon recognized the potential of this ship, and transformed it from a simple offshore fishing vessel to the backbone of the European Age of Exploration. With the addition of square sails (to provide increased power when sailing with the wind) and other minor changes, the Caravel soon became the ship of choice for many explorers. It has been suggested that two of Columbus’s ships, the Niña and the Pinta, were Caravels optimized for transatlantic exploration.
Clearly, the Caravel revolutionized European transportation. This technology made it possible for European explorers, fishermen, and merchants to “expand their horizons,” by providing the ability to travel further, faster. One could argue that it played a major role in the rapid colonization of the New World.
However, the inverse is also true. To a large extent, the success of the Caravel was due to navigational techniques brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors, combined with the European desire for political, economic, religious, and scientific expansion.
This dichotomy holds true for many transportation-related technologies. Railroads are built to service existing towns, but the route itself often determines the development of future towns. Military conflict has served as a catalyst for the development of many advances in aviation technology that have later spilled over into the public sector. It is clear that a society’s culture and its transportation technologies are very much linked. Engineers must keep this in mind when developing new technologies for transportation systems. When designing part of a transportation system, it is important both to take inspiration from society and to recognize the changes that that technology will have upon society.
———————————————————————————————————————
http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/htmls/Caravel%20History.htm
http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/index.htm
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/page/c/caravel.shtml
Sheffield United signed Aaron Ramsdale from Bournemouthอาร์เซน่อล last year for £18.5million and the current three-year deal remains at Sheffield. Come to fight and compete for the position with the German brand Lono.
Dengan Pasaran Resmi Togel Hongkong dan Togel Singapore Tidak Hanya Permainan Togel Dengan 10 Pasaran Resmi, AHLIBET88 Juga Memberikan Banyak Permainan Seru Lainnya
The Guardian says United สายล่อฟ้าhave contacted the 57-year-old unemployed manager Ernesto Valverde. Since parting with Barca in 2020
The Guardian says United มือปืน/โลก/พระ/จันhave contacted the 57-year-old unemployed manager Ernesto Valverde. Since parting with Barca in 2020
he Guardian says UnitedFriend Zone have contacted the 57-year-old unemployed manager Ernesto Valverde. Since parting with Barca in 2020
thanks.it was very good
The Portugal international capped Thiago Alcantara a fine performance with a wonderful assist for the decisive goal
Guardiola added: “We attack แมนเชสเตอร์ ยูไนเต็ด good in the spaces and the quality from Bernardo… when you talk about
That’s all from us, we ราฮีม สเตอร์ลิ่ง hope you enjoyed the game as much as we did, goodbye!
Pochettino is top of the wish lNight At The Museum ist to succeed Solskjaer and GOAL sources say the former Tottenham boss
and the hope from those atDeath Race academy level is that whoever comes in next is someone who has the same commitment to pushing through youth.
teraryumlarin icinde, hayvan, bitki ve endemik urunler yetistirilebilir.
parboaboa adalah media online yang menyajikan berbagai berita daerah , berita nasional dan juga berita internasional secara cepat dan akurat .Dan dari berbagai kategori berita yang sangat lengkap. Officel Website: berita olahraga
I am one of the online slot agents who are sharing webist everywhere. May I share your blog, so that it’s a lot popular? i my good u sobat you good
I intended to create you this very small note , so .. Finally thank you so much for the moment about the magnificent methods you have shared here.
teraryum minik botanik fanus olarak dusunulebilir.
teraryumlar, fanus icinde minyatur bahcelerdir.
Thanks for sharing for a new knowledge product 🙂
Sri lanka Rent a Tuk Tuk
Our company is situated in Negombo, a tourism area where you can reach easily from the International Airport at Negombo. You can have all the facilities such as accommodation, transport facilities, and rented vehicles. We provide above facilities only to foreigners. All kinds of motor cycles, Tuk Tuk and cabs are provided by us.
If you are traveling as a group, we would arrange cabs, tour guides and the special license for driving in Sri Lanka, well before you arrive here.
We can arrange luxury houses for long term occupation and vehicles with drivers.
Our rent-a-car service will pick you up when you arrive at the Airport and will drop you at the Airport when you leave.
Our rent-a-car service will provide you with comfortable vehicles to suit your budget. The rent-a-car service could arrange only a vehicle to be driven by yourself, so that you could yourself organize your tour. You will be given guidance for your tour.
In motor cycle tours, a separate vehicle could be arranged for transporting your personal items.
Rent a tuk tuk and motor bike tour service popular in Sri Lanka. We are rent for self driver new tuk tuk and bike. We also arrange Sri Lanka tuk tuk and bike self driving permit according to your international driving license. before you stating your tuk tuk tour we give the driving lessen first.
We provide tuk tuk and the bike and motor bike for reasonable price. You are traveling through us, we would arrange special driving permit for driving in Sri Lanka, well before you arrive here.
Our rent-a-tuk tuk and bike service will pick you up when you arrive at the Airport.
send mobile top up instantly with swiftrecharge.com. Recharge any prepaid number for 600 mobile operators in 160 countries!
10.1 Inch Capacitive Touch Screen Monitor, Its all the current operating system, A+ LED backlight panels,10-Finger-Multi Touch, IP65 front with silicon seal.
After being promoted back toThe Bad Guys the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
After being promotedThe Chase back to the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
Germain after a slow แฟรงค์ แลมพาร์ด start to the campaign, during which he was linked with Barcelona.
Reporter Ojora Babatunde took Jumper issue with the Liverpool manager’s words about the African tournament, leading to a press conference argument
Klopp replied: “Stop, stop stop. I Beyaz Melek didn’t mean it like that. I don’t know why you understand it like that to be honest.
After being promoted Samjin Company English Classback to the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
After being promotedนรกล้างเมือง (Ashfall) back to the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
After being promoted อาร์เตต้าback to the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
After being promoted back to อเล็กซานเดอร์the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
After being promoted backมัวร์ to the English Premier League successfully, Aston Villa hope to be elevated to the top of the English Premier League.
Hello everyone I’m garanilamia wanna saw your post that’s very pretty.I’ve learn some new good things from here keep it up I’m waiting your next useful blogs thank you.
Hi guys I’m garanilamia l usually I saw your posts as well it’s very useful to me very well keep it up keep going on thank you.
Lightning McQueen relaxes in the dusty town of Radiator Springs with his friend, Mater Buddy, Cars 2 who is waiting for the new racing season to begin. When new challenger Franscesco Bernoulli threatens to beat him in a cross-country race.
defender of peace and justice Contribute to the green ring that bestows them with special powers. Green Lantern It is under threat when the antagonist Parallax threatens to destroy them and the balance of power in the universe. Join the newest recruits The first human to ever exist, Hal, but Hal can actually save the universe.
A New York doctor looks for a new apartment after breaking up with her boyfriend The Resident . She found a suitable place in an old building in Brooklyn. and even more satisfied when the homeowner Become a handsome and friendly friend.
Manchester, England The Resident , 1975. George/Jehangir Khan An English Pakistani family may have been reduced in size with most of his sons walking out of the house. But his troubles were not over, his youngest son Sajid. who was bullied in school is growing stubborn and stubborn to tame him So George took him to Pakistan to spend time with his first wife.
Joe Gelhardt announced himself within 42 seconds of his first Premier League start for Leeds United Joe Gelhardt last weekend at Tottenham and Sky Sports’ Jamie Redknapp was full of praise for the 19-year-old.
Funso Ojo has been shown a second yellow card following an incident involving a Dundee United fan last weekend. Funso Ojo FIFA rules only allow yellow cards to be revoked in the event of misidentification or simulation, meaning Ojo has been banned for Aberdeen’s game at Celtic on Sunday.
England captain Harry Kane wore the rainbow armband during Euro 2020, Harry Kane while Lewis Hamilton had a Progress Pride helmet design when he won the Qatar GP; Stonewall’s Erin Williams hopes more celebrities will follow and show off their partnership, says football referee Ryan Atkin. that such actions inspire young people
Andriy Yarmolenko headed the Hammers ahead in the 39th minute before the Ukraine Andriy Yarmolenko international was brought down in the penalty area as captain Mark Noble had a double advantage from that point in injury time at the end of the first half.
Thanks for sharing this amazing content. Your information is really very outstanding to read.
Wow, this post is pleasant. Love to read it.
Thank you for this great blog
Playing in the fourth tier of Italian เดวิด มอยส์ football only three years ago, Junior Messias came off the bench to keep AC Milan in the Champions League
Thank you for great blog!
It is not that straightforward, of course. Transformers European football remains the objective for players from all four
Tottenham Hotspur have agreed a payment of up to £51million to bring in player ท็อตแนม ฮ็อตสเปอร์ Tonguy Ndombele from Olympique Lyonnais and, upon his arrival, he could become a staple of what Tottenham achieved. success but after